FractalPark
ExoticHard

Zaslavsky Map

A complex sine map: sine bends the orbit, a fixed 0.55-radian turn rotates it, and c shifts it—an adaptation inspired by George Zaslavsky's 1978 dissipative kicked-rotor map.

Open in Explorer
The Zaslavsky map: swirling arms and mandala-like rings in warm orange and gold
The Zaslavsky map rendered by FractalPark: concentric arcs and radiating spokes form a glowing mandala in warm oranges and golds.

Overview

The Zaslavsky Map bends an orbit with sine, turns the result by the fixed complex phase (e^{0.55i}), then adds c. A polynomial escape map gets its character from powers of z growing larger and larger. Here the plot comes from periodic bends meeting a steady turn.

In 1978, George M. Zaslavsky introduced the original map to model a dissipative kicked rotor: a rotating body repeatedly kicked while friction drains energy. That classical map is two-dimensional, using real action-angle variables. FractalPark recasts the idea in one complex variable: sine supplies the nonlinear kick, the fixed complex multiplier supplies the turn, and c makes parameter-scanning escape-time images possible.

Complex sine can grow without bound along the imaginary axis, so this is not simple polynomial escape. An orbit can circle for a while, then fly apart. That hesitation leaves swirling arms and concentric rings, especially after a kaleidoscopic spatial transform.

The Mathematics

Sinusoidal rotation map

z(n+1) = exp(0.55 i) times (z(n) + 0.28 sin(z(n))) + c

Sine bends z; the fixed complex multiplier turns it; c shifts the result.

Start on the real axis. For z₀ = (0, 0), sin(0) = 0, so z₁ = e^{0.55i} × 0 + c = c. After that, complex sine can grow: the magnitude of sin(a + ib) contains terms up to cosh(b). A point with a large imaginary coordinate gets a large kick from sine, and is more likely to escape.

The 0.55-radian rotation (about 31.5°) is not a parameter; it is hard-coded in the formula. Every orbit gets the same angular twist each time. Hence the swirls.

History

George M. Zaslavsky (1929–2008) was a Soviet‑born mathematical physicist who made foundational contributions to the theory of dynamical chaos. He introduced the map that now bears his name in a 1978 paper titled "The Simplest Case of a Strange Attractor," published in Physics Letters A. The map was derived as a stroboscopic description of a dissipative kicked rotor — a rotating system that receives periodic impulses and loses energy through friction.

Zaslavsky later moved to the United States, joining New York University's physics department and the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He authored several books on Hamiltonian chaos and fractional dynamics. The Scholarpedia article on the Zaslavsky map, written by Zaslavsky himself in 2007, provides an authoritative technical reference.

Classical Zaslavsky maps operate on two real variables (action and angle). The complex variant used by FractalPark, with its sine perturbation and fixed complex multiplier, is a creative adaptation suitable for escape‑time rendering rather than a direct transcription of the original dissipative system.

Visual Characteristics

Kaleidoscopic transforms make the swirling arms and mandala-like rings especially clear. The canonical image sets concentric arcs and radiating spokes around a central region where the sine perturbation keeps orbits bounded.

Warm oranges and golds sit against deep black in the canonical rendering. Constant rotation curves the arms; sine puts fine ripples along the ring edges.

Remix and Examples

Start from the canonical Document

Open the same approved formula state used by this guide, then change the view, coloring, transforms, or animation in the interactive Explorer.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where does the rotation come from?

The map multiplies the perturbed orbit by e^{0.55i}, the unit complex number that turns the plane about 31.5° counter-clockwise. It happens on every iteration and is fixed in the formula, not adjustable by the user. The 0.55-radian value was chosen empirically for balanced swirls.

Is kaleidoscope part of the formula?

No. Kaleidoscope is an optional spatial transform outside the iteration. It reflects or copies sectors of the parameter plane. The Zaslavsky Map has no built-in reflection symmetry; the kaleidoscope is a separate rendering step that can be switched independently.

References